Next in proportion are the Kono, who live primarily in Kono District in Eastern Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). There are 11,300 kilometres (7,000 miles) of highways in Sierra Leone, of which 904km (562mi)[103] are paved (about 8% of the roads). Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. The incident brought religious tension in Sierra Leone, in a country known for its high level of religious tolerance, as many Sierra Leonean Muslims at home and abroad called for Ajisafe to be deported back to his home country of Nigeria. The constitution of Sierra Leone provides for freedom of religion and the Sierra Leone Government generally protects it. [200] The Council of Churches is the Christian religious organisation that is made up of Protestant churches across Sierra Leone. 130,725. Each one of Sierra Leone's sixteen administrative districts (with the exception of the Western Area Urban District) is governed by a directly elected district council headed by a council chairman. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. This condition often drives women into poverty and isolation.[229]. The Crown did not supply enough basic supplies and provisions and the Settlers were continually threatened by illegal slave trading and the risk of re-enslavement. Descendants of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Fula migrant settlers from the Fouta Djalon region of Guinea, they live primarily in the northeast and the western area of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District. After the execution of Bangura, a group of soldiers loyal to the executed general held a mutiny in Freetown and other parts of the country in opposition to Stevens' government. The currency is the leone. Other minority ethnic groups are the Kuranko, who are related to the Mandingo and are largely Muslims. As a result, Albert Margai became unpopular in the Creole community, many of whom had supported Sir Milton. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. As the sole candidate, Momoh was elected president without opposition and sworn in as Sierra Leone's second president on 28 November 1985 in Freetown. [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. Bombali District, Sierra Leone map with nearby places of interest (Wikipedia articles, food, lodging, parks, etc). However, Karefa-Smart failed to receive broad support within the SLPP in his attempt to oust Albert Margai as both the leader of the SLPP and Prime Minister. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. He was reinstated after nine months through military intervention by ECOMOG. A one-party parliamentary election between APC members was held in May 1986. [111] On paper, 55 protected areas covered 4.5% of Sierra Leone as of 2003. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees it's also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. The overwhelming majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims, are adherent to the Sunni tradition of Islam in practice. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. In 2007, a pay-per-view service was also introduced by GTV as part of a pan-African television service in addition to the nine-year-old sub-Saharan Digital satellite television service (DStv) originating from Multichoice Africa in South Africa. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. Though according to Professor C. Magbaily Fyle, this might have been a misinterpretation from historians. When the Leone Stars win an important match, many youth across the county rush to the street to celebrate. [262] However, the team was unable to obtain Canadian visas to play in the tournament, which was held in Toronto.[263]. The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. There was great suspicion that president Momoh was not serious about his promise of political reform, as APC rule continued to be increasingly marked by abuses of power. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". Dozens of soldiers were arrested and convicted by a court martial in Freetown for their participation in the mutiny against the president. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leonean Government is constitutionally forbidden from establishing a state religion, though Muslim and Christian prayers are usually held in the country at the beginning of major political occasions, including presidential inaugurations and the official opening of the new session of Parliament. [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. In 2001, the government created a mining community development fund (DACDF), which returns a portion of diamond export taxes to diamond mining communities. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. [3] [4] It is one of the sixteen Districts of Sierra Leone. 208,795 (2015); Goderich - York Urban Area: pop. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. The Oku people are the descendants of liberated muslim Yorubas from Southwest Nigeria, who were released from slave ships and resettled in Sierra Leone as Liberated Africans or came as settlers in the mid-19th century. Odelay mask by Temne people. Multiple allegations were made during the COVID-19 lockdown period of police attacking people trying to obtain basic necessities.[130]. 12. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. [202] Catholics are the largest group of non-Protestant Christians in Sierra Leone, forming about 8% of Sierra Leone's population and 26% of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Although the British government recommended leniency, Cardew insisted on sending the chief and two allies into exile in the Gold Coast; his government hanged 96 of the chief's warriors. Several mudslides occurred in the early hours of 14 August 2017 in and near the country's capital Freetown. The coastal swamp region extends along the . Nwauwa, Apollos O. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. The Sherbro are primarily fisherman and farmers, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. [209], In Sierra Leone, normally, men are automatically positioned as household heads; and their status does not change if their marital status changes over time. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. Passengers cross the river to Aberdeen Heliports in Freetown by hovercraft, ferry or a helicopter. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. Football is the most popular sport in this city, and its home to the Kamboi Eagles professional football club. Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. On the voyage between Plymouth and Sierra Leone, 96 passengers died. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. Bio replaced outgoing President Ernest Bai Koroma after Bio was sworn into office on 4 April 2018 by Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. [106], Human activities claimed to be responsible or contributing to land degradation in Sierra Leone include unsustainable agricultural land use, poor soil and water management practices, deforestation, removal of natural vegetation, fuelwood consumption and to a lesser extent overgrazing and urbanisation. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. In 2001, UN forces moved into rebel-held areas and began to disarm rebel soldiers. The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). In 1967, riots broke out in Freetown against Margai's policies; in response he declared a state of emergency across the country. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. [257] These levels do vary between areas of the country, with the Western Area having the highest levels and Kailahun the lowest. It borders the country of Guinea as well as three other provinces in Sierra Leone. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. In October 1999, the United Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order and disarm the rebels. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. [72][73] Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing executive powers to the Paramount Chiefs, many of whom had been key allies of his late brother Sir Milton. Calm was not completely restored. Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. In the west, Sierra Leone has some 400km (249mi) of Atlantic coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources and attractive tourist potential. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part of Sierra Leone from the soldiers. The group set up the National Reformation Council (NRC), with Andrew Juxon-Smith as its chairman and Head of State of the country. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). The topography of the province is mostly hilly woodlands, and the land supports a range of endangered species. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. Formal exports have dramatically improved since the civil war, with efforts to improve the management of them having some success. [181][182][183] The Islamic holidays of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Maulid-un-Nabi (Birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) are observed as national holidays in Sierra Leone. Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. Located in the Northern Province is Makeni city which is the capital of Bombali district and the largest city and economic center in the Province. Daron Acemoglu, Tristan Reed. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. The interior plateau and mountain region, encompassing roughly the eastern half of the country, is composed mainly of granite with a thick laterite (iron-bearing) crust; to the west, it is bounded by a narrow outcrop of mineral-bearing metamorphic rocks known as the Kambui Schists. At the same time, he sent warriors to assist Bai Bureh in fighting against the British. On the coast in Bonthe District in the south are the Sherbro. The Fula are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. The centre provides a variety of maternal and child health services and is supported by not for profit organisations such as Freedom from Fistula,[231] The Aminata Maternal Foundation,[232][bettersourceneeded] and UNFPA. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). The Sherbro are virtually all Christians, and their paramount chiefs had a history of intermarriage with British colonists and traders. The population of Bo is estimated at about 233,684 . Please select the style of the location map in the table below. The Kuranko are largely Muslim majority. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials, including David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna (father of writer Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted of attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. However, females face gender discrimination making them the target of lower incomes and financial struggle. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. The vast majority of Limba support the All People's Congress (APC) political party. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. There is a vast expanse of beaches stretching along the Freetown Peninsula. Koroma suspended the constitution, banned demonstrations, shut down all private radio stations in the country and invited the RUF to join the new junta government, with its leader Foday Sankoh as the Vice-Chairman of the new AFRC-RUF coalition junta government. [131] Each chiefdom has ruling families that were recognised at that time; the Tribal Authority, made up of local notables, elects the paramount chief from the ruling families. Turay, went into hiding and fled the country to Guinea, fearing for his life. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. The central bank is the Bank of Sierra Leone. Many Liberated Africans were treated poorly and even abused because some of the original settlers considered them their property. [188] The two largest mosques in Sierra Leone are the Freetown Central Mosque and the Ghadafi Central Mosque (built by former Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi), both located in the capital Freetown. In the north, it comprises featureless seasonal swamps known as Bolilands (boli being a Temne word for those lands that are flooded in the rainy season and dry and hard in the dry season and on which only grass can grow). [123], The president of Sierra Leone is the Commander in Chief of the military, with the Minister of Defence responsible for defence policy and the formulation of the armed forces. The Maliki school is by far the largest and most dominant Islamic school of jurisprudence across Sierra Leone. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. Sierra Leoneans did not passively accept such manipulations. There is high unemployment, particularly among the youth and ex-combatants. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. Supreme executive authority rests in the president and members of his cabinet and judicial power with the judiciary of which the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone is the head. [159] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. Upon arrival in Sierra Leone, each recaptive was given a registration number, and information on their physical qualities would be entered into the Register of Liberated Africans. Male same-sex sexual activity is illegal under Section 61 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861, and imprisonment for life is possible. However, the British exceeded their original mandate and took full military action to finally defeat the rebels and restore order. The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of civil war.[112]. Sierra Leone, [note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. By geographical area, Koinadugu District is the largest by several thousand square kilometers. In 1792 nearly 1,200 persons from Nova Scotia crossed the Atlantic to build the second (and only permanent) Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown on 11 March 1792. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. [79] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. Its now home to a diverse group of inhabitants and is also where the Bai Bureh Warriors hail from, one of Sierra Leones oldest and most famous football clubs. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. Its also the seat of the Sierra Leone government. The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone. The NPRC junta established the National Supreme Council of State as the military highest command and final authority in all matters and was exclusively made up of the highest-ranking NPRC soldiers, included Strasser himself and the original soldiers who toppled president Momoh.[90]. Deforestation rates have increased 7.3% since the end of the civil war. General Tarawalie was also a strong loyalist and key Momoh supporter. Eventually, "Elections before Peace" won the debate. 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