Deputy Secretaries of State; Deputy Secretary of State; Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy; Office of the U.S. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. Police arrested protesters throughout the year for violating the law against unregistered public gatherings. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. Since the outbreak of violence in northern Mali in 2012, international observers reported an influx of individuals into Algeria across the Malian border inconsistent with traditional migratory movements. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. The president serves as the president of the High Judicial Council, which is responsible for the appointment, transfer, promotion, and discipline of judges. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. For example, the General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA), which represented a majority of public-sector workers, is an affiliate of the International Trade Union Confederation. Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. There was a census on In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. The constitution provides for the protection of a persons honor and private life, including the privacy of home, communication, and correspondence. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. The government said that it maintained a policy of not removing migrants registered with UNHCR, and that in a few cases it worked with UNHCR to return registered refugees who were mistakenly removed. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. Section 2. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. Several members were arrested on September 13 in Bejaia, including the leader of political party Jil Jadid, Soufiane Djilali. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. islands in the harbor (now connected to the mainland by jetties). According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. The law also stipulates penalties that include imprisonment of two months to two years and fines of DZD 500 to DZD 2,000 ($4.25 to $17) for anyone convicted of having committed a homosexual act. If a minor is involved, the adult may face up to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 10,000 ($85). )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). However, the French language has continued to occupy an One of the smaller areas of land can be called a state or a province. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. 1900: According to Jean-Jacques Sudre, in 1900, mentioning only "clearly definable entities", Algeria was divided Individuals may appeal adverse decisions to international human rights bodies, but their decisions would not have the force of law. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. Improvements: Authorities improved prison conditions to meet international standards. Women faced discrimination in employment. Detainees Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The Code of Criminal Procedure grants the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The law imposes an additional requirement that associations obtain government preapproval before accepting foreign funds. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. The ministry also issues and renews accreditation of foreign correspondents reporting in the country. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. 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