Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. [103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. During the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393), Sredets took on the appearance of a large Medieval city its narrow, crowded streets witnessed the construction of more and more small churches and monasteries, which later became Sofias Holy Mountain. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. ", "Where are world's deadliest major cities? ", "Museum of Socialist Art National Gallery", "NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Information for the area of city of Sofia", " , . It is one of ODRCs central principles to treat people differently based on their conduct while incarcerated. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. complete the classification process; 2. For more information about the park, please contact the Vitosha Nature Preservation Information Center, located roughly 1 km from the Dragolevtsi Quarter, close to the Dragolevtsi Monastery. Limes. In the 3rd century, it became the capital of Dacia Aureliana,[88] and when Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia Aureliana into Dacia Ripensis (at the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. city of the Serdi. Sofia entered a period of economic and political decline in the 17th century, accelerated during the period of anarchy in the Ottoman Balkans of the late 18th and early 19th century, when local Ottoman warlords ravaged the countryside. [21] This triangle was recently expanded to a "square" and includes the Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. The maximum vertical drop is 780 meters. [26] Sofia hosts some 1.24million[2] residents within a territory of 492km2,[27] a concentration of 17.9% of the country population within the 200th percentile of the country territory. The species of flora in the park are particularly rich and varied. In 1900, the first electric lightbulb in the city was turned on. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia. There are two golf courses just to the east of Sofia in Elin Pelin (St Sofia club) and in Ihtiman (Air Sofia club), and a horseriding club (St George club). Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. The data says that roughly a third of the total population have already earned a university degree. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. Sofias parks are a favorite place for rest and recreation. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). Regional Member Sofia", "Shared Electric Vehicles Spark in Sofia Increase by 170", "Fines for bad repair work 'Dnevnik' newspaper", " - ", "Official website of the Sofia university History", "Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students", "Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years", ". . [189], Sofia Airport handled 7,107,096 passengers in 2019. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. The city became an inseparable part of The First Bulgarian Empire (7th-9th centuries) under Han Omurtag (reign 814-831). It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin Hoover PD; Bond Number Bond Type Bond Amount; 2023-00000019: Good Bond: 2023-00000020: Good Bond: 2023-00000021: Good Bond: Charges Court Date Court Court Room; No data: Number Charge . [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). (2009). [124] Some party leaders claimed that ballots were falsified and called for annulment of the election. There is also a wide variety of hostels and smaller family guesthouses. Factors considered include, but are not limited to: Individuals will be placed at the lowest level of security possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. [73] Even areas with few sources of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, had PM2.5 and PM10 levels above safe thresholds. One of them was Samuil, who was eventually crowned Emperor of Bulgaria in 997. Three of the ten Pan-European Transport Corridors cross the city: IV, VIII and X. [107] There was an important uprising against Ottoman rule in Sofia, Samokov and Western Bulgaria in 1737. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. They are Aleko and Konyarnika. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. According to the director of Sofia District Police Directorate, the largest share of the crimes are thefts, making up 62.4% of all crimes in the capital city. The median age is 38 though. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. The neolithic village in Slatina dating to the 5th6th millennium BC is documented. Being a pedestrian zone, it is a very pleasant place for strolling and relaxation. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. These services are conducted under five initiatives. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. Artificial and dam lakes were built in the twentieth century. [202] The municipality was known for minor and cosmetic repairs and many streets are in a poor condition. Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. 151156. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. Other points of interest in the city include the Lion Bridge, the Eagle Bridge, the Russian Monument, and the monument to Vasil Levski (a Bulgarian revolutionary hero who gave his life in the struggle to free Bulgaria from the Ottomans in the 19th century). On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. [153] Tennis is increasingly popular in the city. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. Odeon (not part of the Odeon Cinemas chain) shows exclusively European and independent American films, as well as 20th century classics. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. [75] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). 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