[5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. . Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. learning by counting each letter. This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. 3. 1 = . selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. b) Qene Bet () = , 3. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. . The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. . Therefore, these patristic writings are not to be considered critically, but simply learnt by heart. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. = , 08. = ( ) = .. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. Your email address will not be published. . . () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. (Literature school). . Addis Ababa December 1970. . For this purpose scanty training suffices. Source (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. Privacy-Statement . He can then practice reading different religious texts. , . Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. . = , 06. = , 5. = [ . The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. . A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. = , 28. The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. = , 7 - = , 2. The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. ], 8. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. .. = , 23 - . Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. ? = , 21. = [ ], 8. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. In the Zema bet, the following major discipline blocks are taught: (1) the Dggwa, (2) the Zmmare/Mwat, (3) Mzgb qddase/ Satat (not required for those who want to be ordained deacon and priest) and (4) Aqqwaqwam. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. Online Status. The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. . The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. . memorization. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. raider. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. Online. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. . The first type is known as Beluy. , 15 -. = , 20 - . 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Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. = In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . 1) The Nebab Bet . Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction a) Fidel Instruction [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . , ], 7. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. () = , 21. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. () = , 1. () = , 1. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. = , 8 - () = - - . After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. .. = , 19. What is the process of learning the letters? When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. . The higher schools of the church () = , 31. . [ . It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. the beginning of reading. This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. . In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. He may be called upon to read and write letters. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. ( ) The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. () = A number of theological students have also progressed to further advanced studies abroad. [ . ], 3. , 14. The church school system has the following divisions: One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. = , 21. = , 25. 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