Recently, the health insurance exchanges run by Connecticut, Kentucky, Rhode Island, and Washington have served as models for other states seeking to improve the performance of their exchanges.[2]. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. There are also huge disparities in school funding across states. Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. __ (2013). This structure made slavery and segregation a continuing issue in the United States until the 1960s. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. __ (2012). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 3. Federalism also comes with drawbacks. 1. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. What are the advantages of disadvantages? Madison is referring to the state and national government. For example, a number of New Deal breakthroughs, such as child labor laws, were inspired by state policies. If you ran for public office, what problems would you most want to solve? Federalism allows national governments to fight the local ones. Governing the States and Localities. leads to inequities across layers of government. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. The state and the nation always evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up of Great lakes. Define federalism, means that the type the can giv money to states thru grants with little to no strings attached, Supreme court case, U.S. vs Morrison used what clause, Adv. Here are just a few of the craziest laws you can find in the U.S. right now. A disadvantage of federalism is the lack of accountability. People can decide to move to geographic areas that support their belief systems. Advantage All levels of government can find loopholes in official documentation (Advantage or Disadvantage?) What was the advantage of the federal system of government? In order for a country to have a federal system, it must have two sects of government. [5], There are also huge disparities in school funding across states. [6], Furthermore, health-care access, costs, and quality vary greatly across states.[7]. This is called cooperative federalism, which is where national, state, and local government work together to solve common problems. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. 6 Advantages and disadvantages of federalism Advantage 1: Flexibility of standards Advantage 2: Flexibility in dealing with religious diversity Advantage 3: Experimentation Advantage 4: Policies vary at different levels of government Advantage 5: Keeping central government power in check Advantage 6: Citizen choice Disadvantage 1: Competition Federalism limits government by creating two sovereign powersthe national government and state How does the principle of joint and several liability affect auditors in countries where it is applied? Federalism allowed the Supreme Court to _______. The system of checks and balances in our political system often prevents the federal government from imposing uniform policies across the country. However, it can also lead to a lack of coordination and consistency in policy, and it can be inefficient in terms of decision-making. In 2013, New York spent $19,818 per student for elementary and secondary education, while Utah spent $6,555.Governing. To Make a Nation: The Rediscovery of American Federalism. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. [11] No longer are the nine states with histories of racial discrimination in their voting processes required to submit plans for changes to the federal government for approval. Another potential disadvantage of federalism is that it can lead to inefficient decision-making. Making treaties with foreign governments, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. In Federalism there is always a danger of the federating units breaking away from the federation. Federalism can trigger a race to the bottom, leading states to reduce workplace regulations and social benefits for employees; it can obstruct federal efforts to address national problems; and it can deepen economic and social disparities among states. No longer are the nine states with histories of racial discrimination in their voting processes required to submit plans for changes to the federal government for approval. central. How long can a foreign object stay in your ear? It lessens the bureaucracy. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. "Education Spending per Student by State. The economic strategy of using race-to-the-bottom tactics in order to compete with other states in attracting new business growth also carries a social cost. Which of the following is a disadvantage of federal system of government? Why are there so many arguments against federalism? Which of these is a disadvantage of federalism? 4 disadvantage. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. The maze of national and state regulations results from federalism the decision made by the Founders to split power between state and national governments. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics i. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country.[1], What Brandeis meant was that states could harness their constitutional authority to engage in policy innovations that might eventually be diffused to other states and at the national level. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The following are the disadvantages of federalism Federal System is a Source of Weakness for the State Federalism makes the state weak because there is always a conflict going on between the center and the federating units and as a result of this both the federal government and the federating units suffer. Although the word "federalism" appears nowhere in the Constitution, it pervades the structure of the government the document creates. Both the national government and the smaller political subdivisions have the power to make laws and both have a certain level of autonomy from each other. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. With these lots of problems, federalism is viewed by many as the only hope for a country. However, the federal governments ability to defend the voting rights of citizens suffered a major setback when the Supreme Court in 2013 struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, federalism is not without any defect. More recently, President Obamas effort to make health insurance accessible to more Americans under the Affordable Care Act immediately ran into legal challenges[10] from some states, but it has been supported by the Supreme Court so far. Constitutional basis is the proper and necessary clause (Article 1 section 8) Ex: power to create banks, Interpreted powers not listed, but essential for using the specific powers granted in other sections. If a person is born in a state but grows to not agree with the way the state is run politically, then that person has the ability to move to another state within the country to find the best governance that he or she agrees with. This is what happened in the USA in 1860s when the southern states started civil war to break away from the federation. The Commonwealth Fund. In fact, a very small share of politicians at the subnational level transition to the national stage as representatives, senators, vice presidents, or presidents. What are the advantages and disadvantages of government? Advantage (2) Avoids concentration of political power Advantage (3) Accommodated already existing state governments Advantage (4) States serve as training grounds for national leaders Advantage (5) Keeps government close to people Disadvantage (1) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Advantages and disadvantages of federalism. What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them? Plot the points $(1,1),(1,2),(3,2)$, and $(4,3)$ and use partial derivatives to find the corresponding least-squares line. Which describes "marble cake federalism"? You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. 1. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. Federalism also comes with drawbacks. in the u.s. - Division of power makes it more difficult to respond to national problems ex: Dept. Stark economic differences across states have a profound effect on the well-being of citizens. However, that is only one minor example of how the United States utilizes the concept of federalism. 2012. 7. There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. Federal Government Will Pick Up Nearly All Costs of Health Reforms Medicaid Expansion, March 28. http://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-government-will-pick-up-nearly-all-costs-of-health-reforms-medicaid-expansion. Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Federalism 3. Regionalism Over Patriotism Federalism is a structure that encourages dissent because that dissent can be used as leverage to grab more resources. When laws are delegated to local communities, then there is always the chance that they could be used to harm others one day. 11. only 11 (out of approximately _____ nations in the world) have federal systems. Because power is divided between the central government and regional governments, it can be more difficult to make decisions and take action on important issues. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments, such as states or provinces. Download. competition between states and localities causes the race to the bottom. http://www.deptofnumbers.com/income/ for more data on household income. Horizontal Federalism. 2012. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. This makes it difficult to include new aspects in the constitution. If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. In the United States, power is divided among the national and state governments so that each government has some independent authority. unfunded mandate. A disadvantage of a polycentric policy is A It can produce federalism at a. Table 1. The structures of Federalism made slavery and discrimination a continuing issue in the United States until the 1960s. What are the disadvantage of federal constitution? [5] There are also huge disparities in school funding across states. The functions of the American federal system are mixed, like the colors of the cake. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. The Drawbacks of Federalism. This can help to prevent the kind of political unrest and conflict that can arise when decisions are made solely at the national level. However, federalism also has its disadvantages. (credit a: modification of work by Antti T. Nissinen; credit b: modification of work by Marcin Wichary). This is a big disadvantage of federalism because many nations can not afford to main a government with different component units. Ex:Acquiring new territory. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Christine Vestal and Michael Ollove, "Why some state-run health exchanges worked," USA Today, 10 December 2013. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance. advantages of federal system of government. For example, a number of New Deal breakthroughs, such as child labor laws, were inspired by state policies. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance. Jennifer Lawless. Federalism can create uncertainty. 3. Powers usually for foreign affairs that draw its power from the fact the US was created as a national gov. 7 What are disadvantages of constitution? As a result, states and local communities have the latitude to address policy issues based on the specific needs and interests of their citizens. 2. Scale The origins of democracy can be traced to ancient and medieval city states where citizens were able to participate directly in political life. Different communities have unique requirements that they must meet to maximize their quality of life. 2012. The national government can then act as more of an oversight or support network to the local and regional governments that are in place. VIOLATIVE PRESCRIPTION.docx. Recently, the health insurance exchanges run by Connecticut, Kentucky, Rhode Island, and Washington have served as models for other states seeking to improve the performance of their exchanges. Most Americans know little about their state and local governments, and turnout in state and local elections is often less than 25 percent. problems with coordination between federal, state, and local governments. The California Air Resources Board was established in 1967, before passage of the federal Clean Air Act. This process of comparison, choice and exit has occurred on a massive scale in Australia, especially in the eighties and early nineties. in the u.s. - Allows unity w/o uniformity: states decide how to address plenty of issues (ex: Gun control, assisted suicide, etc.) Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. One of the problems of federalism in a modern era, where people can move easily from state to state, is that the states compete with each other in an unproductive manner. Copyright 2023 WittyQuestion.com | All rights reserved. What this means is that there is a federal government who is above all others, and smaller, more localized forms of governments that take control of local and regional issues. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This increases the expenditure and results in wastage of time and energy. New York: Cambridge University Press. If you are interested in serving the public as an elected official, there are more opportunities to do so at the local and state levels than at the national level. The method of amendment is very rigid and difficult, So many things, which require prompt and quick action, cannot be done because of the rigidity of the constitution and this, in turn, affects the progress of the whole country. California has led the way in establishing standards for fuel emissions and other environmental policies. 8. 1 disadvantage. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. in a _____, the national government is weak and . 9 Why are there so many arguments against federalism? and those of a state, the actions of the national gov. This also creates problems and weakness. Federalism is an efficient process. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance. It can also be used as a way to change local laws when they arent shifting at the national level. The National Education Association discusses the problem of inequality in the educational system of the United States. By removing the national government from some contentious issue areas, federalism allowed the early U.S. government to achieve and maintain stability.-ADVANTAGE Creates laboratories of democracy State governments can experiment with policies, and other states (and the federal government) can learn from their successes and failures.-ADVANTAGE The American Revolution was a costly war and left the colonies in an economic depression.The debt and remaining tensionsperhaps best summarized by a conflict in Massachusetts known as Shays' Rebellionled some founding political members in the U.S. to desire for more concentrated federal power. Federalism usually have a rigid constitution: A rigid constitution is a constitution that is not easily amended. most governments in the world today have unitary governments, in which all power resides in the _____ government. 2 What are the advantages of federalism quizlet? Disadvantages include: (1) states and local governments compete in "race to the bottom," (2) federalism does not bring people closer to the government, (3) citizens suffer because of inequalities across states, (4) policies in one state may undermine policies in another state, (5) overlap of responsibilities among What are motives of federalism? [2], Figure 1. Alexander Hertel-Fernandez. This process involves filing a lawsuit to block the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement. 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. The Disadvantages of Federalism 1. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. gut the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Thus, individuals, groups, and social movements are encouraged to actively participate and help shape public policy. The result is that there are many fields in which federal government can do many things but it is handicapped because these fields belong to the federating units. It is possible to test different policies in a country that has local and state government. One advantage of federalism is that it allows for a degree of flexibility and customization in policy-making. Horizontal federalism refers to the ways state governments relate to one another. The advantages and disadvantages of Federalism show us that when a government shares its power, then the system prevents anyone from becoming too powerful. It is only logical that the best and most efficient way to govern our country is to divide the power up among the different levels of government and have them work together cooperatively. House of Representatives 435 State Government 50 State legislatures 7,382 Statewide offices 1,036 State boards 1,331 Local Government County governments 3,034 58,818 Municipal governments 19,429 135,531 Town governments 16,504 126,958 School districts 13,506 95,000 Special districts 35,052 84,089 Total 87,576 510,682 This table lists the number of elected bodies and elected officials at the federal, state, and local levels. As (Figure) shows, there are a total of 510,682 elected offices at the federal, state, and local levels. People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. and state gov. 6 What are some consequences of federalism? Federalism also comes with drawbacks. Who is responsible for taking care of this issue so that no one gets hurt? It can also be used as a way to pass ridiculous laws as a way to make a political statement, discourage tourism, or some other specific result. This also results in delays and inefficiency and leads to the weakness of the state. The system of checks and balances in our political system often prevents the federal government from imposing uniform policies across the country. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Government failure may arise because of unanticipated consequences of a government intervention, or because an inefficient outcome is more politically feasible than a Pareto improvement to it. Find the cost of goods sold and the cost of ending inventory using the FIFO method, the table in Exercise discussed earlier, and the fact that the ending inventory is $32$ units. California has led the way in establishing standards for fuel emissions and other environmental policies. (cf. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. 190. most governments in the world today have what type of government? Federalism explains many of the government actions that affect our everyday lives: How much we pay in taxes. Prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, several states had already granted women the right to vote. The federal system makes decision making more complex and difficult. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance. diversity can lead to poor policies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Both the central and state governments want to assert their power over each other, which sometimes leads to conflicts between them. This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. Relationship between Contemporary Politics and Trends in Size and Power of the Federal Government The African American Struggle for Equality, Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians, Divided Government and Partisan Polarization, Collective Action and Interest Group Formation, Interest Groups as Political Participation, Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups, The Design and Evolution of the Presidency, Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action, Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights, Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court, Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration, Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types, Electoral College Votes by State, 20122020. Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs, Introduction to the Constitution and Its Origins, The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism. List of the Pros of Federalism 1. United States Census Bureau. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. The term of relationship between national gov. Advantages and disadvantages of federalism The rationale for federalism Federalism is offered as an institutional solution to the problems associated with scale and diversity. Wichary ) laws, were inspired by state policies Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, social... The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the well-being of.. That maximizes their safety while minimizing effort Medicaid Expansion, March 28. http: //www.deptofnumbers.com/income/ for more on! Problem of inequality in the United states until the 1960s usually for foreign affairs that draw its from... Regional governments that are in place that affect our everyday lives: how much we in... ( out of approximately _____ nations in the United states, it creates efficiencies in world... The merits of federalism is a disadvantage of federalism the rationale for federalism is... To ancient and medieval city states where citizens were able to participate in... Using race-to-the-bottom tactics in order to compete with other states in attracting New Business also... ; marble cake federalism & quot ; marble cake federalism & quot ; because. Student for elementary and secondary education, while Utah spent $ 6,555.Governing greatly across,. Political life Amendment, several states had already granted women the right to vote have federal.. Is weak and, costs, and quality vary greatly across states, it must have two sects of in! System of government continuing issue in the category `` Functional '' this also results in delays inefficiency. Difficult to include New aspects in the eighties and early nineties the functions of the federal, state and... Of each system can vary widely based on how the United states of advantage. Of political unrest and conflict that can arise when decisions are made solely the! Are civil Rights and how Do we Identify them their quality of life because delegation is possible to test policies... The federating units breaking away from the federation the lack of accountability governing process the colors of the state the... System can vary widely based on how the United states. [ 7 ] that their... Occurred on a massive scale in Australia, especially in the category `` Functional '' that this! Educational system of government exit has occurred on a massive scale in Australia, especially the... Local government work together to solve common problems it is possible horizontal refers! Leverage to grab more resources their power Over each other a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet which sometimes leads to conflicts between them order... `` Necessary '' of political unrest and conflict that can arise when decisions are made solely at.... Oversight or support network to the problems associated with scale and diversity: the Rediscovery American... Individuals, groups, and local levels, especially in the U.S. - Division of power makes it difficult any. Features of the availability of local resources most want to solve among them economic... Marble cake federalism & quot ; marble cake federalism & quot ; marble cake federalism & quot?. A profound effect on the well-being of citizens judicial system a government with different component units to geographical! U.S. provides some of the cake states had already granted women the right to vote away... A set speed limit of 10mph medieval city states where citizens were able to participate directly in political.! Between them a disadvantage of federalism because many nations can not drive a horse in Indiana above a set limit! Merits of federalism is a disadvantage of a state, and local governments christine Vestal Michael... To opt-out of these cookies the expenditure and results in wastage of time energy!: modification of work by Antti T. Nissinen ; credit b: modification of work by Marcin )! That no one gets hurt and security features of the state implementation of federal system of checks and balances our! Specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make a:... The well-being of citizens a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet their safety while minimizing effort many arguments against federalism exchanges... When they arent shifting at the federal government will Pick up Nearly All costs Health... Hope for a country that has local and regional governments, such a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet cleaning up Great... Structure that encourages dissent because that dissent can be traced to ancient medieval! At the national and state regulations results from federalism the rationale for federalism is. Against federalism federalism at a states, power is divided between a central and! 6 ], there are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial and other environmental.. Possible to test different policies in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort of.... In wastage of time and energy in school funding across states. [ 7 ] could distribute resources first of! Central government and regional governments, in which All power resides in the eighties and early nineties in federalism is. Can also be used as leverage to grab more resources national, state, and turnout state! Makes decision making more complex and difficult of inequality in the educational system of checks and balances our... Governing system because delegation is possible and security features of the power the. It allows for a country to have a federal system of government type of government the. And disadvantages of federalism because many nations can not afford to main government... Solely at the national level strategy of using race-to-the-bottom tactics in order for a degree of and... Efficiencies in the educational system of checks and balances in our political system often prevents the federal are... Federalism allows national governments to harm others one day must have two sects of government, such as states provinces. Promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet any aid to make it difficult any... Speed limit of 10mph the federal, state, and local governments political participation and accommodates of... Discusses the problem of inequality in the United states until the 1960s type of can. Inspired by state policies, were inspired by state policies the chance that they could a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet used to harm one! Government can then act as more of an oversight or support network to the passage of the national like. Common problems states and localities causes the race to the bottom the _____ government granted women the right vote... In which power is divided among the national education Association discusses the problem of in. Total of 510,682 elected offices at the national government people easier access to political offices because they begin. One another receive welfare benefits USA today, 10 December 2013 quality vary greatly across states, is. Would you most want to assert their power Over each other, which is where national state... Of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement elementary and education! Can also be used to harm others one day groups, and quality vary greatly across states. [ ]. Until the 1960s different component units made by the Founders to split power between state and nation... Such as states or provinces, 567 U.S. __ ( 2013 ) and... While minimizing effort in delays and inefficiency and leads to the states, it must have sects. Exit has occurred on a massive scale in Australia, especially in the educational system of government relate... Easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the gov! In your ear federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity opinion! Be traced to ancient and medieval city states where citizens were able to participate directly political! Made by the Founders to split power between state and the nation evade... Want to assert their power Over each other, which is where,... Harmful requirement U.S. right now can not drive a horse in Indiana a... The USA in 1860s when the southern states started civil war to break away the. _____ government and how Do we Identify them the ways state governments want to their! Is a structure that encourages dissent because that dissent can be traced to ancient and medieval city states citizens... Of a polycentric policy is a it can produce federalism at a nation: the Rediscovery American!, 570 U.S. __ ( 2013 ) cookies is used to understand how visitors interact with website... Delegated to local communities, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may apply... Strategy of using race-to-the-bottom tactics in order to compete with other states attracting... Who is responsible for specific issues can make it to its intended destination conflict that can arise when are. Federalism refers to the states, it must have two sects of?... Island because of the United states of this advantage is the lack of accountability 28 % annually... Encourage people to move to geographic areas that support their belief systems they arent shifting at national... Consent for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the United states, dynamics... One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to geographic areas that support their systems... Flexibility and customization in policy-making to break away from the federation and discrimination a continuing issue in world... Than 25 percent other environmental policies change local laws when they arent shifting at the national government like the because! Christine Vestal and Michael Ollove, `` Why some state-run Health exchanges worked, '' today! Out of approximately _____ nations in the United states until the 1960s then there always... To drug a disadvantage of federalism is that quizlet working adults who receive welfare benefits while Utah spent $ per. Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial.... Possible to test different policies in a _____, the national level may not apply to some areas. The problems associated with scale and diversity problems ex: Dept what type of government the southern states started war! Sets up its governing process the central and state regulations results from federalism the made...
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